Relapse after a Bone Marrow or Stem Cell Transplant

Transplant provides hope for a cure, but it is possible that the disease will return after transplant.

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Sometimes a patient's disease comes back after transplant. This is called relapse.

For some, relapse is an expected event.  Patients with multiple myeloma, for example, who were transplanted with their own stem cells, know that their disease will eventually return. 

There are a number of treatment options that may be available if relapse occurs such as:

  • an infusion of donor cells, called a donor lymphocyte or donor leukocyte infusion (DLI)
  • another transplant
  • new therapies, such as CAR T-cell therapy
  • a clinical trial testing a new treatment

Discuss your options with your doctor. Don’t be afraid to get a second opinion from another doctor or transplant center. Different institutions often have different treatment options to offer patients.

Get help finding clinical trials at the Jason Carter Clinical Trial Search and Support Program

The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society also offers help with clinical trial searches. 

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Next Page: Life after Transplant

Updated June 2024

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